Answer:
Part A
Here the entire population is the total number of people who live in Scotland and the sample considered in this survey is the randomly chosen 34,572 people.
Part B
The approximations made out of the sample cannot be considered same as that of the entire population. Because here, only a random sample of 34,572 is taken whereas the total population here is the people who live in the Scotland, which can be quite large sample. The patient details recorded are used for survey. So in the sample surveyed we do not have the data about the rest of the population. The approximations made out of the sample become same as that of the entire population only if the entire population number is near to the randomly collected sample.