Question

What is the phenotypic ratio that you would expect to find in the

offspring that result from a cross of 2 heterozygotic individuals. Assume
that one allele is dominant and the other is recessive. (phenotypic ratio
is the ratio that you expect between the different offsprings' phenotypes
- I would not give this definition on the exam)
Answer:

Answer 1

The seven characteristics that Mendel evaluated in his pea plants were each expressed as one of two versions, or traits. Mendel deduced from his results that each individual had two discrete copies of the characteristic that are passed individually to offspring. We now call those two copies genes, which are carried on chromosomes. The reason we have two copies of each gene is that we inherit one from each parent. In fact, it is the chromosomes we inherit and the two copies of each gene are located on paired chromosomes. Recall that in meiosis these chromosomes are separated out into haploid gametes. This separation, or segregation, of the homologous chromosomes means also that only one of the copies of the gene gets moved into a gamete. The offspring are formed when that gamete unites with one from another parent and the two copies of each gene (and chromosome) are restored.

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