Two control systems of the body
Endocrine and Nervous
Endocrine and nervous system similarities
-Work together to maintain homeostasis
-Release ligands (chemical messengers) that bind to cellular receptors on particular target cells
Endocrine and nervous system differences
Endocrine system: -Transmits hormones through blood
-Targets any cell in the body with the correct receptor
-Very widespread
-Exhibits longer reaction times and has longer-lasting effects
Endocrine System
-Composed of ducts and glands that synthesize and secrete hormones
-Hormones are released into the blood and transported throughout the body
Endocrine system regulation growth and development
-Changes measured from birth to puberty
-Hormones help regulate embryonic cell division and differentiation
-Hormones regulate metabolism
How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis or blood composition and volume
-Hypothalamus
-Hormones regulate blood solute concentrations (ex glucose ions)
-Hormones regulate blood volume, cellular concentration, and platelet numbers
The endocrine system controlling digestive processes
-Trigger digestion when food is in the stomach
-Hormones influence secretory processes and movement of materials in the digestive tract
Endocrine System controlling Reproductive Activities
-Make sure sperm and egg make it to each other
-Hormones affect the development and function of the reproductive system and the expression of sexual behavior
Endocrine Glands
Contain epithelial tissue that makes and releases hormones within a connective tissue framework
Endocrine Organs
-Glands with solely endocrine functions
-Ex: Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal
Endocrine Cells
-Found in clusters in organs with another function
-Examples in Hypothalamus, Thymus, Heart, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Small Intestine, Adipose Connective Tissue
-Pancreases is not an endocrine gland, but it does release hormones