Final answer:
Colonists rebelled because the British government failed to protect their basic rights, including taxation without consent and denial of self-governance, leading to the American Revolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major factor that led the colonists to rebel against the British government, based on the given excerpts, was that the government had failed to protect the colonists' basic rights. The British monarchy and Parliament were accused of abusing their power and depriving colonists of their rights, which included taxing the colonists without their consent, interference in trade, denying trial by jury, and preventing self-governance. These actions violated the rights that the colonists believed were guaranteed to them as English subjects, which fueled the sentiment for rebellion and ultimately led to the American Revolution.