Final answer:
Thomas Jefferson valued a limited government role in protecting the natural rights of citizens, ideas influenced by John Locke. He focused on states' rights through the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, and envisioned an agrarian society harmoniously expanding into Indigenous territories.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thomas Jefferson, in his writings, advocated for a form of government where individual rights were paramount and the role of the government was to be limited, thereby ensuring these rights could be pursued with minimal government interference. Grounded in the ideals of John Locke, Jefferson believed in the natural rights of life, liberty, and property, which the government should protect. Moreover, through the vehicle of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, he expressed the view that states had the right to judge and nullify unconstitutional federal acts, laying a foundation for the future principles of states' rights. Jefferson's perspectives on government-citizen relations, the influence of John Locke’s political philosophy, and his emphasis on agrarian society reveal his vision of a republic rooted in the consent of the governed, where expansive territory and peaceful integration of Indigenous peoples would shape the nation's growth.