Final answer:
The 'Cooking' author aims to boost readers' confidence through experimentation guidance, while the 'Birthday' author entertains with a story of a culinary blunder.
Step-by-step explanation:
The authors of the passages achieve their purposes differently. In the Cooking passage, the author's purpose is to give readers confidence by sharing how to be creative with cooking and stray from recipes. This is done by suggesting ways to experiment with ingredients based on a few basic cooking principles. On the other hand, the author of Birthday aims to entertain readers with a personal narrative about a cooking mishap that led to an amusing and memorable experience. In both instances, the authors employ different reasoning strategies to fulfill their intent, whether it's through analogies that relate cooking to personal creativity or through a narrative that highlights the importance of a specific cooking practice, like preheating the oven.