If she buys only Cheddar, and she spends all $30, she can buy
10 pounds.
If she buys only Swiss, and she spends all $30, she can buy
6 pounds.
If she buys a mixture of both cheeses, there are many possible amounts that she could buy.
The equation that models the amounts is 3x + 5y = 30, where x is the pounds of Cheddar and y is pounds of Swiss.