Question

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows.

No ruler took more liberties with his religion than Akbar, the greatest of the Mughals, the Muslim dynasty that dominated India between the early 16th and 18th centuries. Like Ashoka and Gandhi, Akbar constructed a religious ideology that served to hold together a diffuse polity as it fed his own soul.

It began with pragmatic policies of tolerance. Akbar had inherited the throne, at the age of 13, in 1556. In 1579 he abolished the jiziya, a tax imposed on all but the poorest non-Muslims. This was the most notable in a series of measures to recruit the Hindu majority and others to the cause of unifying and expanding his empire. He could be ruthless: his troops massacred 20,000–25,000 non-combatants after a four-month siege of Chitor, a nearly impregnable Hindu fortress in Rajasthan. But he preferred incentives to coercion. He defeated the war-like Rajputs, but gave them rank and married their princesses, who were permitted to conduct Hindu rites in the harem. The Mughal-Rajput alliance was a bulwark of his empire.

"Multicultural Akbar,” The Economist, 1999

a) Explain ONE specific political development that resulted from the conditions created by the religious policies described in the passage.
b) Explain ONE specific change to Muslim-Hindu relations that resulted from the conditions created by the religious policies described in the passage.
c) Explain ONE specific consequence of the policies described in the passage on religious minorities.

Answer 1

a) Akbar had a policy of religious tolerance. He unified his empire, often giving Hindus ranking positions forming alliances. Thus, Akbar’s religious policies were implemented in the background of such religious challenges posed to him, creating alliances like the Mughal-Rajput alliance establishing the safety of India.

b) His most notable series of the measure he has taken is unifying and creating a government with Muslim-Hindu relations, the religious policies themselves tore apart the empire, but Akbar was able to unify by making sure others feel included by giving incentives and recruiting Hindus.

c) The elimination of the jiziya for the poorest non-muslims came with a consequence on religious minorities that took a whole new level after the policy. This policy created inequality for specifically the poor non-Muslims, separating Muslims and non-Muslims and from rich and poor.

Step-by-step explanation:

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Answer 2

a) As stated in the passage "It began with pragmatic policies of tolerance. Akbar had inherited the throne, at the age of 13, in 1556. In 1579 he abolished the jiziya, a tax imposed on all but the poorest non-Muslims. This was the most notable in a series of measures to recruit the Hindu majority and others to the cause of unifying and expanding his empire........he preferred incentives to coercion. He defeated the war-like Rajputs, but gave them rank and married their princesses, who were permitted to conduct Hindu rites in the harem. The Mughal-Rajput alliance was a bulwark of his empire." which explains how there was a political improvement from the conditions created by religious policies.

b) "Akbar constructed a religious ideology that served to hold together a diffuse polity....he preferred incentives to coercion....notable in a series of measures to recruit the Hindu majority and others to the cause of unifying and expanding his empire." As stated in the texts his most notable series of measure he has taken is unifying and creating a government with a Muslim-Hindu relations, the religious policies themselves tore apart the empire, but Akbar was able to unify by making sure others feel included.

c) "...jiziya, a tax imposed on all but the poorest non-Muslims", this consequence on religious minorities took a whole a new level when the policy was created. This policy created inequality for specifically the poor non-Muslims, separating Muslims and non-Muslims and from rich and poor.

Step-by-step explanation:

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