Final answer:
Luster identifies minerals as metallic or non-metallic. Density is measured by the amount of mass in a given volume. Streak refers to the color of a mineral's powder. Hardness refers to a mineral's ability to resist scratching.
Step-by-step explanation:
The property that identifies minerals as metallic or non-metallic is called luster. Luster describes how light interacts with the surface of a mineral. Metallic minerals do not allow light to pass through the atomic structure, while non-metallic minerals allow some light to pass through. For example, silver has a metallic luster, while salt has a non-metallic luster.
Density is the property that is measured by the amount of mass in a given volume. It can be calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume. For example, if you have a rock that weighs 100 grams and has a volume of 50 cubic centimeters, its density would be 2 grams per cubic centimeter.
The property that refers to the color of a mineral's powder is called streak. Streak is determined by rubbing a mineral against a hard, rough surface to see the color of the mark it leaves behind. For example, a mineral with a red streak will leave a red mark.
The property that refers to a mineral's ability to resist scratching is called hardness. Hardness is measured on the Mohs scale, which ranges from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). For example, a mineral with a hardness of 7 can scratch a mineral with a hardness of 6, but not a mineral with a hardness of 8.