Answer:
1 and 4
Step-by-step explanation:
Hunter-gatherers altered the natural environment in several ways. Two of the ways they did this were by using fire to burn plants and trees and by contributing to the extinction of some animals through overhunting.
Firstly, hunter-gatherers used fire as a tool to alter the natural environment. By intentionally setting fire to areas, they were able to clear vegetation and promote the growth of certain plants that were beneficial for hunting or gathering. This practice, known as firestick farming or fire-stick burning, helped create more open landscapes, which made it easier for them to locate and capture animals for food.
Secondly, hunter-gatherers played a role in the extinction of some animals through overhunting. As they relied on hunting for survival, they would target certain animal species that were valuable for their meat, fur, or other resources. Over time, the pressure from hunting could lead to the decline and eventual extinction of these species, as the population couldn't sustain the rate at which they were being hunted.
It is important to note that not all hunter-gatherer groups worshipped animals or harmed them. The relationship between hunter-gatherers and animals varied across different cultures and regions. While some hunter-gatherer societies held spiritual beliefs and had rituals associated with animals, others practiced sustainable hunting and had a deep respect for the natural world.
In conclusion, hunter-gatherers altered the natural environment by using fire to manipulate vegetation and by contributing to the extinction of certain animal species through overhunting. These practices were influenced by their need for survival and the resources they required for sustenance.