Final answer:
The true statement among the options provided is that the higher the frequency of a sound, the higher the pitch. Loudness is connected to amplitude, not wave height, and rarefactions do involve particles that are more spaced out.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question concerns the properties of sound waves and their perception. Of the statements provided, 'The higher the frequency of a sound, the higher the pitch.' is true. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) and is the number of waves that pass a point per unit time. For example, a bird's chirp has a high frequency and consequently a high pitch whereas the roar of a lion has a low frequency and thus a low pitch. However, loudness is related to amplitude, not height, and in rarefactions, particles are indeed farther apart. But the 'height' mentioned in the context of a sound wave is a misnomer because sound waves, being longitudinal, aren't represented by peaks and valleys; instead, compressions denote high-pressure regions and rarefactions denote low-pressure regions.