Final answer:
The starfish reproduced asexually through fragmentation, identified by the phrase "identical chromosomes" referring to the new starfish having the same genetic material as the original.
Step-by-step explanation:
The starfish in this scenario that created a new starfish underwent asexual reproduction. The quote from the article that identifies this is "identical chromosomes". This specifically refers to the process known as fragmentation, where a single arm and part of the central disc can regenerate a new individual. This mode of reproduction ensures that the resulting offspring have the same genetic material as the parent, which is why they are said to have identical chromosomes. Seeing a starfish with arms of varying lengths is often indicative of recent regeneration, where some arms are original and others have grown back after being lost.