Final answer:
Examples 1, 2, and 3 from the provided list characterize organic evolution, as they describe changes in traits and anatomical structures over time within specific lineages. Example 4 describes a change in the Earth's atmosphere, which, while related, is not an example of evolution within a lineage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organic evolution refers to the process through which the characteristics of species change over time and new species may arise. The examples that characterize organic evolution in the provided list are:
- Evolution of tooth buds in birds: This represents a change in a physical characteristic over time within a lineage.
- Evolution of sequences in DNA and RNA: These molecular changes underpin alterations in traits and can lead to the variation necessary for natural selection.
- Evolution of bipedalism in Homo sapiens: This development denotes a significant anatomical change that had an impact on the species' interaction with its environment and survival strategies.
The evolution of molecular oxygen for living beings is slightly different; rather than a change within a lineage of organisms, it represents a change in the Earth's atmosphere that life had to adapt to. Therefore, while closely related to the concept of organic evolution because it results in adaptive changes in organisms, it is not an example of evolution within a specific lineage.
Evolution is supported by several types of evidence, including fossils, anatomical and embryological similarities (homologous structures), and genetic sequences. All these forms of evidence display the historic and ongoing process of evolution, showcasing the adaptation of species to their environments and the emergence of diversity of life on Earth.