Answer:
Like all ecosystems, forests consist of many interacting parts. They include living organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi. Forests also include non-living components that these organisms depend on, such as the soil and climate. As stated in the article, one change, such as pollution, can cause a ripple effect through the ecosystem. Dying lichens are one of the earliest signs of pollution. In turn, the loss of the lichens can cause a decline in species that rely on the lichens for survival.
Step-by-step explanation: