Answer and Explanation:
1. Aaron often finds himself thinking he would like to see more of the world. He feels like the town he lives in is too small for his imagination. = Thoughts. The narrator is telling us about the way Aaron feels as well as about what he thinks. There are no actions or descriptions involved in this method.
2. As Martha went toward them, the boys all ran scared, hoping not to be caught. = Effect on others. We know the boys are afraid of Martha. She is chasing them, but it is not clear if it is a game they are playing. Anyhow, she has an effect over them, which is making them scared.
3. Nelly always says, "I would rather play baseball than play with dolls." = Speech. We get to know about Nelly's preferences through her own words. She is the one saying she'd rather play baseball, not the narrator.
4. Roger had to shop in the men's department even when he was a child. Boys' sizes don't fit him. But his size is what makes him an excellent football player. = Looks. The narrator is talking about Roger's appearance - his size, more specifically. Even though the narrator is not precise, we can imagine Roger is a big guy, since football players have to be so.
5. Shelly feeds stray animals on her way to school every day. She also volunteers at the local animal shelter every weekend. = Actions. The narrator is telling us about things that Shelly does. From those actions, we can easily infer she is kindhearted.