Answer:
d. informal communication networks, such as the grapevine
Step-by-step explanation:
Barriers to interpersonal communication are arises when a perosn has lack of self-awareness, Sensitivity, and flexibility. These barriers affect the teamwork and efficiency of each team member and a whole team as well. individual differences among employees, situational factors such as outside noise, and transmission problems, such as telephone static are examples of barriers to interpersonal communication.