Question

Bacterial species have evolved over millions of years to fill almost every available environmental niche on this planet. Despite this impressive radiation, bacteria are still limited by the availability of carbon and nitrogen sources for their metabolisms. Bacteria may express many different proteins required for uptake and utilization of these compounds for use in their metabolisms. Organic compounds containing carbon and nitrogen are required for both anabolic and catabolic reactions that comprise a cell’s metabolism. Not all bacterial species have the same abilities, so you can use this characteristic to differentiate bacterial species by determining which carbon- and nitrogen-containing media support the growth of the bacteria. Determine whether the following enzymatic reactions are anabolic or catabolic and place them within the correct bin.

1. Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates.
2. ammonia is added to glutamate to form glutamine.
3. four amino acids are linked together to form tetrapeptide.
4. a uracil base is added to a mRNA strand by RNA polymerase.
5. starches are digested into individual glucose molecules.
6. ribose and inorganic phosphate are bonded to form a nucleotide base.

Answer 1

1. Glucose breaks down into two pyruvates. CATABOLIC

2. Ammonia is added to glutamate to form glutamine. Anabolic

3. Four amino acids join to form tetrapeptides. Anabolic

4. A uracil base is added to an mRNA strand by RNA polymerase. Anabolic

5. Starches are digested into individual glucose molecules. CATABOLIC

6. Ribose and inorganic phosphate join together to form a nucleotide base. Anabolic

Step-by-step explanation:

Chemical reactions are classified as anabolic and catabolic depending on whether they form or disintegrate structures, yielding energy to the medium or taking energy from the medium.

Anabolic reactions are those that take energy from the environment and therefore synthesize very complex molecules, of various bonds such as glycogen, starch, among other polysaccharides.

On the other hand, catabolism leads to the destruction of the unions of a chemical product, that is why they have greater entropy and is thus the greatest disorder.

Catabolism releases energy to the environment, it releases it.

For an anabolic reaction to happen, there must be a catabolic one, since it takes the energy released by catabolism, and for a catabolism to happen, an anabolism must first have arisen, that is, the formation of a molecule or particle that is dissociates.