Answer:
The correct option is;
A dilation by a scale factor of Two-fifths and then a translation of 3 units up
Explanation:
Given that the coordinates of the vertices of square S are
(0, 0), (5, 0), (5, -5), (0, -5)
Given that the coordinates of the vertices of square S' are
(0, 1), (0, 3), (2, 3), (2, 1)
We have;
Length of side, s, for square S is s = √((y₂ - y₁)² + (x₂ - x₁)²)
Where;
(x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) are the coordinates of two consecutive vertices
When (x₁, y₁) = (0, 0) and (x₂, y₂) = (5, 0), we have;
s = √((y₂ - y₁)² + (x₂ - x₁)²) = s₁ = √((0 - 0)² + (5 - 0)²) = √(5)² = 5
For square S', where (x₁, y₁) = (0, 1) and (x₂, y₂) = (0, 3)
Length of side, s₂, for square S' is s₂ = √((3 - 1)² + (0 - 0)²) = √(2)² = 2
Therefore;
The transformation of square S to S' involves a dilation of s₂/s₁ = 2/5
The after the dilation (about the origin), the coordinates of S becomes;
(0, 0) transformed to (remains at) (0, 0) ....center of dilation
(5, 0) transformed to (5×2/5, 0) = (2, 0)
(5, -5) transformed to (2, -2)
(0, -5) transformed to (0, -2)
Comparison of (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, -2), (0, -2) and (0, 1), (0, 3), (2, 3), (2, 1) shows that the orientation is the same;
For (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, -2), (0, -2) we have;
(0, 0), (2, 0) the same y-values, (∴parallel to the x-axis)
(2, -2), (0, -2) the same y-values, (∴parallel to the x-axis)
For (0, 1), (0, 3), (2, 3), (2, 1) we have;
(0, 3), (2, 3) the same y-values, (∴parallel to the x-axis)
(0, 1), (2, 1) the same y-values, (∴parallel to the x-axis)
Therefore, the lowermost point closest to the y-axis in (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, -2), (0, -2) which is (0, -2) is translated to the lowermost point closest to the y-axis in (0, 1), (0, 3), (2, 3), (2, 1) which is (0, 1)
That is (0, -2) is translated to (0, 1) which shows that the translation is T((0 - 0), (1 - (-2)) = T(0, 3) or 3 units up
The correct option is therefore a dilation by a scale factor of Two-fifths and then a translation of 3 units up.