Final answer:
An inference is a conclusion reached by applying logic to the evidence. It involves combining observations with reasoning skills, used in both everyday situations and structured processes like deductive and inductive reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
A conclusion based on observations, evidence, or reasoning is a inference. Inference involves making logical connections between observations and reaching a conclusion, much like putting puzzle pieces together. It's a fundamental part of reading comprehension and analytical thinking skills.
For instance, if someone were to remark, "Don't sit there; Candy came over with her baby again," you might infer that the sofa is messy or has toys on it because a baby visited. This is not stated explicitly, but you draw a logical conclusion based on the evidence provided.
Deductive reasoning begins with a general theory and leads to specific conclusions, while inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and builds up to a general conclusion.