Write 165 as a sum of powers of 2 :
165 = 128 + 37
165 = 128 + 32 + 5
165 = 128 + 32 + 4 + 1
165 = 2⁷ + 2⁵ + 2² + 2⁰
This translates immediately into the decimal expansion of a binary number,
165 = 1×2⁷ + 0×2⁶ + 1×2⁵ + 0×2⁴ + 0×2³ + 1×2² + 0×2¹ + 1×2⁰
so that
165₁₀ ≡ 1010 0101₂