Final answer:
Growth hormone primarily targets bones and skeletal muscles for growth and protein synthesis, having both direct and indirect effects on these tissues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major targets of growth hormone (GH) are the bones and skeletal muscles. GH is produced by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in the growth and replication of cells. Specifically, it accelerates the rate of protein synthesis in these tissues, promoting their growth. Additionally, GH stimulates processes like lipolysis in adipocytes and glycogen breakdown in the liver, contributing to its indirect effects on metabolism and energy utilization.