Final answer:
The gene theory states that organisms pass traits to their offspring through genes, which are segments of DNA that contain instructions for encoding proteins. This process occurs through asexual or sexual reproduction, and only heritable traits can evolve. The gene theory explains the transmission of genetic information and the variations within a species.
Step-by-step explanation:
The gene theory states that organisms pass traits to their offspring through genes. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions to encode proteins. These genes are located on chromosomes, which are found inside every cell. When organisms reproduce, the genes are passed on to the offspring, ensuring that they belong to the same species and have similar characteristics.
Reproduction plays a crucial role in genetic change and the passing on of traits. Organisms can pass traits to their offspring through asexual or sexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, the reproducing cell directly possesses the changed trait, while in sexual reproduction, a gamete (sperm or egg cell) must possess the changed trait for it to be passed on to the next generation. Only heritable traits can evolve, so the ability to reproduce is essential in passing new traits to offspring.
Overall, the gene theory explains how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring, determining their inherited characteristics and allowing for variations among individuals of the same species.