Final answer:
The Mexico City's National Museum of Anthropology houses the Stone of Coyolxauhqui, a significant Aztec artifact. Excavations continue to reveal important details about Mesoamerican societies, although artifacts like the Moctezuma headdress have been lost.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Mexico City's National Museum of Anthropology is home to one of the most significant artifacts of Aztec culture, the Stone of Coyolxauhqui. This large-scale Aztec sculpture perfectly captures Aztec deities and their religious practices. Another renowned artifact that was believed to be found, but is no longer present, is the Moctezuma headdress, adorned with precious feathers and gold, which unfortunately has been lost over time. While artifacts like the Moctezuma headdress may not have survived, the excavations in and around the Templo Mayor continue to contribute to our growing understanding of the complex and sophisticated Mesoamerican societies.
The Coyolxauhqui stone, a representation of the goddess in a state of dismemberment, was discovered between the building stages of the Templo Mayor and is a vivid example of the Aztec's religious iconography. Historians believe that it was associated with ritual sacrifices where the bodies of victims would land on this disk after being thrown down the temple's steps. It is one of the few original large-scale Aztec sculptures that can be seen today at the museum, offering insight into Aztec culture and religious practices.