Answer: The appropriate channel for a message that conveys bad news is a face-to-face interaction because this channel allows for better feedback and nonverbal cues.
The outline for bad-news messages is as follows:
(a) begin with a neutral idea
(b) presenting the facts, analysis, and reasons
(c) stating the news using positive tone and de-emphasis techniques; and
(d) close with an idea that shifts emphasis away from the bad news.
A writer can be justified in choosing an alternate outline or channel such as via electronic mail or snail mail when GEOGRAPHIC location prevents face-to-face interaction.