ANSWER: (C) CLASS AND CASTE
EXPLANATION: The ancient varna classification of people based on their occupation was metamorphosed into a strict social hierarchy termed a caste system by Hinduism. This caste system made it very difficult or impossible for people to migrate out of their social class. Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras, are the four classes of Hindu based on the caste system.
Whereas, there is no caste system in Islam, but overtime a framework was designed by Indian local muslims to enable many people escape from Hinduism’s caste system. This formulated caste system is divided into three groups, which include the ashraf, ajlaf, and arza. The ashrafs are upper-class muslims believed to have Arab ancestry, the ajlafs are considered Hindus who converted to Islam (to escape Hinduism caste system), and the arza are considered low-caste.