Answer: A. Uses third-party CA's to validate a users identity.
Step-by-step explanation:
A digital certificate is a binding electronic document used in the exchange of messages between a sender and receiver across the internet. It is useful in validating the identities of all users so that none can deny either sending or receiving a message. It also offers some protection to the data sent and received.
Certification Authorities are recognized bodies who have the responsibility of ensuring the true identities of users. After achieving this they then issue a certificate that can serve as a guarantee. A public key is present in the certificate which only the true users can access.
These Certification Authorities would then confirm that the key and digital signature matches the identities of the users.