With the sentences provided, the following can be classified.
Independent Clause:
"The lion gave up in exasperation since he could not get near the calf".
Dependent Clause:
"The herd was on high alert while the lion remained".
" Although the heard was nervous it did not run away:.
Step-by-step explanation:
An independent clause holds a subject and a verb, along with holding a complete thought in the sentence. It conveys a complete message.
A dependent clause also holds a subject and a verb but does not convey a complete thought, hence becomes an incomplete sentence. It does not convey a complete message.