Final answer:
A melting iceberg floating in the lake will not raise the water level because it already displaces water equivalent to its mass, while a melting glacier on land will lead to an increase in water level due to the added water. Heat transfer plays a crucial role in the melting process, with energy calculations based on the enthalpy of fusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
If we compare the melting of an iceberg floating in a lake and a glacier sitting on land next to the lake, we have to consider the principle of displacement. An iceberg already displaces water equivalent to its own mass due to the Archimedes' principle. Therefore, when it melts, it simply converts from solid to liquid state without causing a rise in water level. On the other hand, a glacier on land will contribute additional water to the lake when it melts. This will cause the lake's water level to rise.
The melting process involves significant heat transfer. To understand the amount of energy involved, one can calculate the number of moles of ice and then multiply by the heat required to melt a mole of ice (enthalpy of fusion). In environmental contexts, these calculations can help estimate energy exchanges between ice masses and their surroundings, including the oceans.
An iceberg melting in the ocean can be modeled using the principles of physics, specifically the concept of heat transfer.
When an iceberg drifts from a colder region to warmer waters, heat is transferred from the warmer ocean water to the iceberg, causing it to melt.
Therefore, the solution that models an iceberg melting in the ocean would be Physics.