Answer:
escape
avoidance
Step-by-step explanation:
Negative reinforcement is characterized as the incidence of an action followed by the elimination of a stimulus or a reduction in the strength of a stimulus that results in a reinforcement of the behavior.
In escape conditioning, the participant eliminates a continuing aversive situation by responding in a defined manner.
According to avoidance conditioning, the subject acting in a specified way will prevent or delay the onset of an aversive situation.