Answer:
The correct answer is - option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Trade off is the allocation in which one trait or character is only achieve by the expense of the other character and traits of life history due to some type of natural phenomenon.
The example of such trade off is given in the question where one of the life history trait such as height come at stake of longevity, due to physical constraints.
Thus, the correct answer is - option C.