Answer: Informed Consent
Explanation: The principle of Informed Consent stipulates that the participants of a research or study should be provided with enough information about the resarch so that they can make well informed decisios to take part in it.
Participants should be made to understand the potential risks and benefits of participation and should be allowed to take part willinging without force or coercion.
It should be argued that Dr. Schaeffer's research violates this ethical principle of research by not informing the students about the contignecy and intending risk (subtraction of 10 points) involved in his research.