The correct answer is no; avoidance of punishment
Explanation: The theory of cognitive dissonance is based on the premise that the person strives to maintain coherence between his cognitions (convictions and opinions). When a person has a belief about something and acts differently from what he believes, a situation of dissonance occurs. Dissonance is the contradiction and one of the main sources of inconsistency in behavior. The cognitive element is a belief that the individual has about himself and the environment.