Answer:
This question is incomplete. Here are the missing options:
- A. risk aversion
- B. hindsight bias
- C. confirmation bias
- D. anchoring bias
- E. escalation of commitment
The answer is D. anchoring bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anchoring bias, also known as "focalism", takes place when a person relies on the earliest information in order to take decisions, even when there is additional information to contrast it. It's likely that the person will take this initial piece of information to follow the course of a conversation. For example, an initial price for a product may be used as an anchor by the client, so any lower price would be perceived as a bargain.