Question

Idk if y’all can see tha but help me please

Answer 1

1. Ligand gated channel: Opens when it receives
2. Nocireceptors: Pain receptors
3. Afferent signal: Signal going to the spine
4. Efferent signal: Signal sent away from the spine
5. Action potential: Electric current generated to carry a signal in your cells.
6. Synapse: Where one nerve has to pass the signal across a gap to another nerve
7. Thalamus: Part of brain that splits pain signals to different parts of the brain.
8. Somatosensory cortex: Part of brain that identifies a pain signal and determines where it hurts.
9. Limbic system: Registers emotional component of pain.
10. Frontal cortex: Thinks and makes decision about a pain.

Step-by-step explanation:

• The sensation of pain involves sensory neurons that contain nocireceptors. These are receptors specialized to sense pain.
• Nocireceptors receive a pain stimulus and generate an action potential through ligand gated channels such as the Na+/K+ pump which are ion channels responsible for generating a nerve impulse.

• The neuron is the cell of the nervous system that conducts nerve impulses towards and away from the brain.
• Two neurons are connected through synapses. A synapse, also called a neuronal junction, is the gap between two neurons that allows the exchange of electrical and chemical signals between them. This synapse can exist between two neurons or a neuron and a muscle in which case it is called a neuromuscular junction.
• Crossing the synapse and following the afferent pathway (signaling towards the central nervous system), the nerve impulse reaches the thalamus in the brain. The thalamus is a sensory gate in the brain that distinguishes between different pain signals and relays them to the appropriate part of the brain.

• The thalamus then sends the signal to the somatosensory cortex that determines which part of the body is affected.

• The somatosensory cortex then forwards the signal to the frontal cortex that decides the course of action.
• The efferent nerve impulse i.e. signaling away from the CNS then carries the signal to motor neurons that respond to the pain stimulus.