Answer: there are 11 birds and 5 cats
Explanation:
Let x represent the number of birds in the pet store.
Let y represent the number of cats in the pet store.
A bird has one head and a cat also has one head. The store manager says that there are 16 animal heads in the store. It means that
x + y = 16
A bird has 2 feet and a cat has 4 feet. The store manager says that there are 42 animal feet in the store. It means that
2x + 4y = 42 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Substituting x = 16 - y into equation 1, it becomes
2(16 - y) + 4y = 42
32 - 2y + 4y = 42
- 2y + 4y = 42 - 32
2y = 10
y = 10/2 = 5
x = 16 - y = 16 - 5
x = 11