Answer:
The answer is d. duty-based ethics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Duty-based ethics, also known as deontological ethics, state that actions themselves are either right or wrong, regardless of the consequences. People who follow duty-based ethics believe there are universal standards that should be followed.
In the example, Duane and Elizabeth believe it is right to be ecologically conscious, and altruist with those in need, even if that may affect their own economy.