Constituents can influence local and state governments by not voting.
Answer: Option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The constituents are the people who are the members of a particular constituency. The local and state government represents these constituencies which are the areas divided in a particular city and in a state in the center.
Who will represent a particular constituency in the central government will depend on the votes of the people of the constituencies. If the member do not get votes, they will not win and hence the local and state government will be affected.