Answer:
The missing options are:
a) Pyramid effect
b) Waterfall effect
c) Pathway effect
d) Cascade effect
The correct option is d) cascade effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
A cascade effect is a series of reactions that happen as a consequence of the previous reaction and that it gradually expands throughout a system. If we think of the cascade effect during labor, we can see that there is an initial reaction that initiates the cascade and continuous during the different stages of labor.