Question

The _____ mutations change the DNA sequence within a sperm or egg, therefore can be passed on to decendants

Answer 1

Germline mutations

Step-by-step explanation:

Since the egg and sperm cells are referred to as germ cells, then mutations in these types of cell is germline or germinal mutations.

Exogenous (i.e external) factors and endogenous (i.e internal) factors are usually the cause of germline mutations.

Endogenous factors like errors in cell division and generated reactive oxygen species during cellular respiration, often take the higher percentage in the cause of germline mutations.

Exogenous factors which take the lower percentage in the cause of this type of mutation, include direct exposure of the gonads to high ionizing radiations and harmful chemicals. Poor repair of the damaged DNA as the result of these factors often results to varying mutations.

Answer 2

Answer: The GERMLINE mutations change the DNA sequence within a sperm or egg, therefore can be passed on to decendants.

Explanation: Mutation can be defined as any detectable and heritable change in chromosome or DNA sequence of a gene, not caused by genetic recombination.

When DNA changes occur in the cell that will give rise to egg or sperm, it is called Germline mutation. The changes can therefore be passed down to offsprings. This means that every cell in the developing embryo will carry the mutation.

On the other hand, a mutation that occurs in other body cells (aside the one that will give rise to egg or sperm) is called Somatic mutation. It affects only the tissues derived from mutated cells and cannot be inherited.