Question

How do protons (hydrogen ions) move through
ATP synthase?

Answer 1

Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix.

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Answer 2

Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix

Step-by-step explanation:

The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.