Answer/Explanation:
Instability in Education:
One of the most significant legacies of the European colonial period in Africa is the presence of unstable governments throughout Africa. As the Europeans withdrew from their African colonies, they did not help the people set up stable governments. To many African people, the reality of self-government was new, and they were not prepared to develop a new government. The borders for the new countries followed the colonial boundaries. These borders were drawn with no thought to the politics and relationships between the different groups of people in Africa. Some of these problems include poor opportunities for education, lack of medicine and food, and the inability to combat disease and famine.
Government stability has a significant effect on education for children. In countries that have been relatively peaceful since independence, educational opportunities are better.
In Kenya, for example, the government has made the improvement of schools a priority. Government investments into the education system have resulted in higher literacy rates for its people. Citizens who are better educated contribute more to the economy. The average Kenyan attends school for eleven years, and the government is working to increase this time. Kenya also has a number of private and public universities, although few Kenyans are able to continue studying for that long. The people in other countries, however, have not been as fortunate. In some countries, civil war has caused a neglect of education.
In Sudan and South Sudan, for example, during the long civil war between the two countries, children did not go to school because it was unsafe. As a result, the literacy rate in parts of Sudan and South Sudan is very low. In South Sudan, only 27 percent of the population over fifteen years old can read and write. The civil war left many schools in ruins, and the schools that remain have a difficult time in accessing school materials, like textbooks.
Instability in Food:
Government instability can also lead to famine. Famine is when there is a shortage of food and people are unable to get enough food to eat. People can starve to death as a result of famine. Famines in Africa today are caused by climate change, political conflict—which can disrupt farming—low prices for African goods on the world market, and poorly organized or corrupt governments. One country where government policies have led to famine and starvation is Zimbabwe. The government began a land reform program that gave land to native Zimbabweans. The old landowners who were often associated with the colonial period were run off their land. Chaos followed and many farms were not productive. The new owners were unable to produce as much food as the old owners, which caused a food shortage that led to famine.
Civil wars can also lead to famine. After a long civil war in Angola, hundreds of thousands of people who had left the country during war returned, which led to food shortages. During the long Sudan-South Sudan civil war, famine was a common occurrence. Millions of South Sudanese now depend on international aid to avoid starvation. Uganda has had to deal with fighting among many different ethnic groups. Conflicts have occurred between armed gangs, as well as military factions. Some rebel forces have even tried to overthrow the government. These conflicts disrupt agriculture and trade, which makes food shortages common. When international aid arrives, the government is supposed to be the group that distributes food. However, if the government is dealing with armed rebel forces, it will be unable to send the food where it needs to go.
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