Final answer:
The fact that the bowling pin flies away at a much higher speed after collision with a bowling ball indicates that the pin has a much lower mass than the ball, resulting in it gaining kinetic energy and moving at a high velocity.
Step-by-step explanation:
When kinetic energy is transferred from a bowling ball to a bowling pin, causing the pin to fly away at a much higher speed than the bowling ball, it tells us that the pin has a much lower mass than the ball. The transfer of energy results in the pin gaining kinetic energy and moving at a high speed because conservation of momentum and energy principles typically require that a lighter object will move faster when a fixed amount of energy is transferred to it from an object with higher mass, like a bowling ball.
Given that kinetic energy is the energy of motion, when the bowling ball hits the pins with a certain velocity and mass, its kinetic energy is distributed among the pins. Since the pins have less mass compared to the ball, they will move faster when this energy is transferred during the collision. The bowling pins also receive some angular momentum, which makes them spin.