Final answer:
ATP synthase is not involved in producing the electromotive force for ATP synthesis. It catalyzes ATP synthesis but does not establish the proton gradient required for ATP production. In the electron transport chain, it's Complex II that doesn't contribute to the proton gradient and in cyclic photophosphorylation of cyanobacteria, NADPH formation does not occur.
Step-by-step explanation:
The complex not involved in establishing conditions for ATP synthesis is ATP synthase. ATP synthase, also referred to as complex V, is the final complex in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway that actually catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. However, it is not directly involved in producing the electromotive force required for ATP synthesis. This electromotive force is established by the proton gradient created by other complexes in the electron transport chain (Complexes I, III, and IV).
Furthermore, Complex II directly receives electrons from FADH2 oxidation but does not contribute to the proton gradient since it does not pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane. This implies that while Complex II is part of the electron transport chain, it has no direct role in establishing the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
During cyclic photophosphorylation in cyanobacteria, NADPH formation does not occur, as opposed to non-cyclic photophosphorylation where NADPH is produced. The cyclic process involves only photosystem I, electron transport through an electron transport system (ETS), and ATP synthesis without the production of NADPH.