Answer:
Define alleles:
Alleles are alternate forms of genes that are visible by mutations. They are found at a specific locus in a chromosome.
A. The genotypes of the parents: Ww and ww
B. The genotypic ratio of the offspring: 2:2
C. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring: 2:2
Step-by-step explanation:
A white-fruited plant is crossed with a yellow-fruited plant. According to the instructions, the allele for white-fruited plants are dominant over the allele for yellow-fruited plants, this means that in order a plant to be white-fruited, they must either have the alleles Ww or WW. In this case, it is better to cross Ww, as all of the offsprings are yellow-fruited (ww).
Whenever we cross Ww and ww, we have a fifty percent chance of the offsprings either having the alleles "Ww" or "ww".
There are four smaller squares in a punnet square, and half of the smaller squares code for the alleles "Ww" and the other half code for the alleles "ww". This means that the genotypic ratio of the offspring would be 2:2, as 2 of the smaller squares code for "Ww", and the other 2 code for "ww".
Since "Ww" has a dominant allele, the phenotype for the organism with this genotype would be white-fruited, and for "ww", the phenotype for the organism would be yellow-fruited. This means that in this case, there would be a 50% chance for a white-fruited plant, and a 50% chance for a yellow-fruited plant. This is why the phenotypic ratio of the offspring would also be 2:2, as half of the smaller squares code for a plant with a white-fruited phenotype, and the other half of the smaller squares code for a plant with a yellow-fruited phenotype.