Final answer:
The Abbasid Caliphate was marked by peace, protection of non-Arab peoples, and significant advancements in arts and sciences, contributing to what is known as the Golden Age of the Islamic Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Abbasid Caliphate is often referred to as the Golden Age of the Islamic Empire for several reasons. First, there was an extended period of peace which allowed the arts and sciences to flourish. Second, the Abbasids created a tradition of enlightened rulership and protected non-Arab peoples, embracing Muslim universalism. Third, under the Abbasids, doctors, scholars, and legal and religious experts significantly advanced the knowledge in various fields, including medicine and the sciences, contributing to a thriving cultural hub for the Islamic world.