Answer:
a) 68%.
b) 84%.
c) Approximately 2.5% of cars are traveling at a speed greater than or equal to 80 mph.
d) Approximately 2.5% of cars are traveling at a speed greater than or equal to 80 mph.
e) Between 60 mph and 80 mph.
Explanation:
The Empirical Rule states that, for a normally distributed random variable:
Approximately 68% of the measures are within 1 standard deviation of the mean.
Approximately 95% of the measures are within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
Approximately 99.7% of the measures are within 3 standard deviations of the mean.
In this problem, we have that:
Mean of 70 mph, standard deviation of 5 mph.
(a) Approximately what percent of cars are travelling between 65 and 75 mph?
70 - 5 = 65
70 + 5 = 75
Within 1 standard deviation, so approximately 68%.
(b) If the speed limit on this stretch of highway is 65 mph, approximately what percent of cars are traveling faster than the speed limit?
The normal distribution is symmetric, which means that 50% of the measures are below the mean, and 50% are above.
65 is one standard deviation below the mean, so of the cars below the mean, 68% are above 65 mph.
0.68*50% + 50% = 34% + 50% = 84%.
84%.
(c) What percent of cars are traveling at a speed greater than or equal to 80 mph?
80 = 70 + 2*10
2 standard deviations above the mean.
Approximately 95% of the measures are within 2 standard deviations of the mean. Due to the symmetry of the normal distribution, of the other 5%, 2.5% is at least 2 standard deviations below the mean and 2.5% is at least 2 standard deviations above the mean. Then:
Approximately 2.5% of cars are traveling at a speed greater than or equal to 80 mph.
(d) What percent of cars are traveling at a speed greater than 80 mph?
Same as item c, as in the normal distribution, the probability of an exact value is considered to be 0.
(e) 95% of cars are traveling between what two speeds?
Within two standard deviations of the mean.
70 - 2*5 = 60 mph
70 + 2*5 = 80 mph.
Between 60 mph and 80 mph.