Final answer:
Human migration can be caused by economic opportunities, escape from political or social oppression, and environmental factors. On the other hand, the effects of migration include cultural exchange, social and economic impacts, and changes in family dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Causes of Human Migration:
- Economic opportunities: People may migrate to find better job prospects or higher wages. For example, individuals may move from rural areas to urban centers where there are more job opportunities and a higher standard of living.
- Escape from political or social oppression: People may migrate to flee from war, persecution, or discrimination in their home country. This can include seeking asylum in another country.
- Environmental factors: Natural disasters, climate change, or environmental degradation can force people to migrate in search of safer or more habitable areas.
Effects of Human Migration:
- Cultural exchange: Migration can lead to the exchange of ideas, traditions, and cultural practices between different communities. This can enrich societies and promote diversity.
- Social and economic impacts: Migration can have positive effects on the economy of both the host country and the country of origin. For instance, migrants contribute to the workforce, pay taxes, and stimulate economic growth. However, migration can also strain resources and services in host communities.
- Family dynamics: Migration can have a significant impact on family structures and relationships. Families may be separated due to migration, leading to emotional and social consequences for individuals and communities.