Final answer:
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various body functions. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet, including meat, eggs, and plant sources. Proteins have structural, functional, and regulatory roles in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
Amino acids are the organic compounds that combine to form proteins, which are crucial for various body functions including enzyme catalysis, forming body structures, and regulating bodily processes. Among amino acids, there are those deemed essential amino acids, which the human body cannot synthesize. These must be obtained through the diet. There are nine amino acids considered to be essential for humans, and these are necessary for protein biosynthesis and body repairs. Sources of proteins that include essential amino acids range from animal products like meat and eggs, to plant-based options such as legumes and soy.
While proteins are critical for body structure and function, any excess amino acids are either excreted or converted into energy or fat. It's important to consume a balanced diet to ensure that all essential amino acids are included, as they play a vital role in maintaining health. Not only do proteins provide structural support, but they're also imperative for immune defense, nutrient storage, and physiological regulation through hormones.