Answer:
1. Voter identification laws
2. It reduced the supremacy that the Voting Rights Act had previously granted the national government to review state election policies.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. The types of laws that make voting more difficult are "Voter identification laws."
Voter Identification law is a type of law imposing that a person must show some form of identification to be eligible to vote. Over the years, Voter Identification laws have negatively affected the minority and poor voters, causing them not to exercise their right to vote.
2. On the other hand, the impact of Shelby v. Holder (2013) is that "It reduced the supremacy that the Voting Rights Act had previously granted the national government to review state election policies."
The verdict by the Supreme Court stated that Section 4(b) was unconstitutional due to the coverage formula of data that was old, and it is henceforth unconstitutional to have preclearance unless Congress enacts a new coverage formula. Both sections are under the Voting Rights Acts of 1965.