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Empress Dowager Cixi was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who was the de facto supreme ruler of China in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908. Empress Dowager Cixi (1835–1908) is the most important woman in Chinese history. She ruled China for decades and brought a medieval empire into the modern age. She inaugurated women's liberation and embarked on the path to introduce parliamentary elections to China. Empress Dowager Cixi ruled China for nearly 50 years from 1861 until her death in 1908. Textbooks blame her unchecked thievery for the nation's failures, but historians increasingly say she was a strong leader with gangster-like cunning.
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